12–16 Jan 2026
ETH
Europe/Zurich timezone

Single Photon Counting at 700 eV using LGADs

13 Jan 2026, 13:45
20m
ML E12 (ETH)

ML E12

ETH

Rämistrasse 101 8092 Zürich Switzerland
Soft X-ray Detector Workshop Detector Systems Detector Systems - I

Speaker

Lars Erik Fröjd (PSI - Paul Scherrer Institut)

Description

Hybrid pixel, single-photon counting detectors have been instrumental in advancing measurement techniques at synchrotron facilities. They enable fine slicing of the rotation angle and shutterless data acquisition for protein crystallography. Fast and efficient detectors are also essential for many modern techniques such as ptychography.
Although incredibly successful for hard X-rays, the large in-pixel capacitance resulting from the bump bonds represents an intrinsic barrier to low-energy detection, with most modern systems being limited to around 3–5 keV. LGAD sensor technology addresses this issue by amplifying the signal on the sensor side and is therefore not affected by capacitance in the same way.
In this talk, we will share our experience, from a detector developer's view, operating the first 512×512-pixel Eiger detector with an LGAD sensor for soft X-ray ptychography imaging. Scientific results from SLS and MAX-IV down to a photon energy of 500 eV are complemented with characterization data and an outlook toward next-generation systems which we will build around the new Matterhorn readout chip. It has the same pixel geometry, but is specifically designed for 4th generation synchrotrons supporting count rates up to several MHz/s/pixel and a frame rate of 10 kHz continuous. The chip will be available in 2026 and we plan to build the first single photon counting systems using improved LGAD sensors by 2027.
Hybrid pixel, single-photon counting detectors have been instrumental in advancing measurement techniques at synchrotron facilities. They enable fine slicing of the rotation angle and shutterless data acquisition for protein crystallography. Fast and efficient detectors are also essential for many modern techniques such as ptychography.
Although incredibly successful for hard X-rays, the large in-pixel capacitance resulting from the bump bonds represents an intrinsic barrier to low-energy detection, with most modern systems being limited to around 3–5 keV. LGAD sensor technology addresses this issue by amplifying the signal on the sensor side and is therefore not affected by capacitance in the same way.
In this talk, we will share our experience, from a detector developer's view, operating the first 512×512-pixel Eiger detector with an LGAD sensor for soft X-ray ptychography imaging. Scientific results from SLS and MAX-IV down to a photon energy of 500 eV are complemented with characterization data and an outlook toward next-generation systems which we will build around the new Matterhorn readout chip. It has the same pixel geometry, but is specifically designed for 4th generation synchrotrons supporting count rates up to several MHz/s/pixel and a frame rate of 10 kHz continuous. The chip will be available in 2026 and we plan to build the first single photon counting systems using improved LGAD sensors by 2027.

Authors

Lars Erik Fröjd (PSI - Paul Scherrer Institut) Anna Bergamaschi (PSI - Paul Scherrer Institut) Maria del Mar Carulla Areste (PSI - Paul Scherrer Institut) Roberto Dinapoli (PSI - Paul Scherrer Institut) Viveka Gautam (Paul Scherrer Institut) Khalil Fejaoui (Paul Scherrer Institut) Dominic Greiffenberg (PSI - Paul Scherrer Institut) Julian Heymes (PSI - Paul Scherrer Institut) Viktoria Hinger (PSI - Paul Scherrer Institut) Vadym Kedych (Paul Scherrer Institut) Shuqi Li (PSI - Paul Scherrer Institut) Davide Mezza (Paul Scherrer Institut) Konstantinos Moustakas (PSI - Paul Scherrer Institut) Aldo Mozzanica (PSI - Paul Scherrer Institut) Jonathan Mulvey (Paul Scherrer Institut) Kirsty Paton (Paul Scherrer Institut) Bernd Schmitt (PSI - Paul Scherrer Institut) Patrick Sieberer (PSI - Paul Scherrer Institut) Saverio Silletta (PSI - Paul Scherrer Institut) Xiangyu Xie (PSI - Paul Scherrer Institut) Jiaguo Zhang (PSI - Paul Scherrer Institut) Simone Finizio (PSI - Paul Scherrer Institut) Tim A. Butcher (Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy) Joerg Raabe (PSI - Paul Scherrer Institut)

Presentation materials

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