We recently introduced and tested the application of the infinite volume based gradient flow for the scale dependent renormalization of the strong coupling. Recent developments of this alternative approach are reported for the high precision determination of the beta-function and the physical scale of the $\Lambda_\overline{MS}$ parameter in QCD with three massless flavors and its Yang-Mills limit.
Off-lightcone Wilson-line operators are constructed using local operators cononumberected by time-like or space-like Wilson lines, which ensure gauge invariance. Off-lightcone Wilson-line operators have broad applications in various contexts. For instance, space-like Wilson-line operators play a crucial role in determining quasi-distribution functions (quasi-PDFs), while time-like Wilson-line...
